Abstract

While research on the legacy of mega sport events has increasingly addressed economic and infrastructural outcomes, the socio-cultural dimensions remain comparatively underexplored. This study investigates the socio-cultural legacy of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games, focusing on cultural programming, accessibility initiatives, and governance structures in shaping inclusive and sustainable urban transformation. Through a single case study design and mixed-methods approach—drawing on two elite interviews and a survey of 1,300 residents and tourists—the research examines how the Cultural Olympiad contributed to civic identity formation, cultural participation, and Sochi’s rebranding as a year-round destination. Findings reveal that institutionalizing annual cultural events and increasing public engagement reflected meaningful socio-cultural legacy gains. At the same time, shortcomings in accessibility implementation and fragmented governance undermined the consistency of legacy delivery and limited desired impacts. The study underscores the critical importance of early-stage legacy planning, inclusive governance, and community co-production in delivering enduring socio-cultural benefits. Lessons from Sochi 2014 offer valuable insights for future host cities seeking to embed legacy into the full Olympic lifecycle.