Behaviorism is a psychological theory that focuses on studying what people do (their external behavior) rather than what they think or feel inside. This theory became popular in the early 20th century, largely thanks to researchers like Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson. The main idea of behaviorism is that all behaviors are influenced by the environment around us, especially through rewards (reinforcements) and triggers (stimuli)

In this update, I would like to raise a theory called "Social Learning Theory:" A Key Concept in Behaviorism 

One of the most notable extensions of behaviorism is Social Learning Theory, introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura. While behaviorism traditionally focused on direct reinforcement and punishment, Bandura emphasized that people can also learn behaviors by observing others. Social Learning Theory suggests that observation, imitation, and modeling play a significant role in the learning process. According to Bandura, individuals do not need to experience reinforcement or punishment directly in order to learn; instead, they can learn vicariously by observing the consequences others face for their actions.

Bandura’s theory is based on four key processes that influence learning:

1. Attention: To learn, an individual must pay attention to the model’s behavior.
2. Retention: The observer must be able to remember the behavior observed.
3. Reproduction: The observer must have the physical ability to reproduce the observed behavior.
4. Motivation: The observer must be motivated to perform the behavior, often influenced by the observed reinforcement or punishment.

Example of Social Learning Theory in Practice

1. Media Influence on Behavior: One of the most impactful examples of Social Learning Theory in modern times is how children and adolescents learn behaviors by watching media, including television shows, movies, and social media. For instance, consider how children observe their favorite characters in cartoons who engage in prosocial behavior, like helping others or solving problems. The characters often receive rewards, such as praise or positive attention, for their actions. According to Bandura’s theory, the children are likely to imitate these behaviors because they observe that the characters are rewarded for them. This form of learning occurs without the child directly experiencing reinforcement themselves but through the vicarious reinforcement that the character receives.

For example, many children may imitate the behavior of superheroes or characters that demonstrate positive actions and bravery, as they are often shown receiving admiration and rewards for their deeds.

2. Role of Social Media: Another example of Social Learning Theory in action is seen on social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. Influencers and content creators act as models for their followers. For instance, a fitness influencer may post workout routines and lifestyle tips, showcasing the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. Followers who observe this behavior and see the influencer receiving likes, comments, or even brand sponsorships are likely to imitate these behaviors, especially if they associate these actions with success or rewards. This observational learning on social media is amplified by the continuous feedback in the form of likes, comments, and shares, reinforcing the behavior of imitation.

3. Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment: One of the most famous experiments demonstrating Social Learning Theory is Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment (1961). In this study, children observed adults behaving aggressively towards an inflatable clown doll (the Bobo doll). When these children were later given the opportunity to interact with the same doll, those who had observed aggressive behavior were more likely to imitate it, displaying similar violent actions toward the doll. Conversely, children who had witnessed non-aggressive behavior interacted peacefully with the doll. This experiment demonstrated that children could learn behaviors through observation without direct reinforcement, reinforcing Bandura's assertion that learning can occur vicariously through observing others.

Additional Example: Social Learning in Education Today and Artificial Intelligence

In the realm of education, Social Learning Theory is becoming increasingly important, particularly with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Today, students not only learn from teachers and peers but also from AI-driven educational platforms that offer personalized learning experiences and feedback.

AI-Assisted Learning and Peer Collaboration

Many online platforms, such as Duolingo and Khan Academy, use AI to tailor lessons to individual students’ needs. These platforms help students learn by presenting personalized exercises based on their progress and performance. In some cases, AI also "models" correct behavior—such as showing a correct solution to a problem—which students can then observe and imitate. For instance, when learning a new language, a student may hear the correct pronunciation or sentence structure modeled by the AI. This allows the student to observe and replicate the correct behavior, a process consistent with Social Learning Theory.

Moreover, these platforms also enable students to engage in collaborative learning, allowing them to learn from each other’s interactions. For example, students may observe peers who successfully complete tasks and try to replicate their strategies. The combination of AI-assisted modeling and peer interaction enhances observational learning, further aligning with Bandura’s theory.

What is your input on AI-Assisted Learning? What are the downfalls? What are the positive sides? 

Media and Links:

• AI in Education: Here's an article explaining the role of AI in transforming education and fostering learning through technology: AI in Education: How AI is Changing Learning.
• Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment Video: 

Social Learning Theory in Media: For further insights on the application of Social Learning Theory in modern-day social media, read this article: Social Learning Theory and Social Media.

World Economic Forum: The Future of Learning: AI is Revolutionizing Education

Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1961). "Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63(3), 575–582.