The Influence of Usefulness, Risk, and Subjective Norms on University Students' Adoption of ChatGPT: A Study of Factors Driving AI Tool Integration in Education

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT has revolutionized the way students approach learning, providing benefits such as instant information retrieval, enhanced problem-solving abilities, and improved learning efficiency. However, students’ decisions to adopt this AI tool are influenced by various factors, including Usefulness, Risk, and Subjective Norms. Despite ChatGPT’s many advantages, students are often hesitant to incorporate AI into their study routine due to concerns about privacy, data accuracy, and the ethical implications of relying on technology. Additionally, social influences, such as pressure from friends, family, and educational institutions, significantly impact students’ willingness to use ChatGPT, even when they are uncertain about its long-term value. This study explores how these factors interact and influence students’ decisions to use ChatGPT. By collecting data from 75 university students through an online survey, this study investigates the relationship between Usefulness, Risk, and Subjective Norm, providing insights into how these factors drive adoption. This study expects to find that perceived usefulness is the strongest predictor of students’ decisions to use ChatGPT, while risk concerns have a negative influence and social influence plays an important role in encouraging adoption. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive model of AI adoption in education, providing valuable insights for universities and developers on optimizing AI tools to meet students’ needs while addressing their concerns. Ultimately, this research aims to promote the responsible and effective use of AI tools in education, ensuring they are both practical and socially acceptable.

Presenters

Anh Nguyet
Student, Master, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan

Details

Presentation Type

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session

Theme

2025 Special Focus—Learning from Artificial Intelligence: Pedagogical Futures and Transformative Possibilities

KEYWORDS

AI adoption, ChatGPT, Perceived usefulness, Risk concerns, Subjective norms