The Evolution of Trade and Pilgrimage in Haridwar: A Historiographical Perspective

Abstract

Haridwar, a sacred city in Uttarakhand in the Northern part of India, has historically functioned as both a pilgrimage site and a commercial hub. This study explores the transformation of its historical bazaar within the broader context of trade and pilgrimage. The objective is to examine how economic activities have evolved alongside religious tourism. This research aims to understand the intersection of trade activities and the spiritual landscape that has shaped Haridwar’s urban, religious, and economic landscape. Positioned within the disciplinary framework of trade history and urban historiography, this study employs a historiographical approach, drawing from primary sources such as archival records, travelogues, and historical maps, as well as secondary sources including scholarly articles and books. The methods used include comparative historical analysis and qualitative interpretation of spatial transformations. The research indicates that significant physical expansion in Haridwar began in the 18th century. Although trading activity was robust, the city lacked adequate infrastructure, forcing pilgrims and traders to seek lodging in nearby towns. The arrival of the railways shifted visitation patterns, reducing the prominence of the annual fair while reinforcing Haridwar’s status as an important pilgrimage site. The findings demonstrate the deep connection between economic activity and religious tourism, which has shaped Haridwar’s spatial and social landscape. The study concludes that these historical transitions are essential for the sustainable management of sacred urban centers, ensuring a balance between heritage preservation and economic growth.

Presenters

Radhika Goel
Student, PhD, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, India

Smriti Saraswat
Assistant Professor, Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttaranchal, India

Details

Presentation Type

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session

Theme

Religious Community and Socialization

KEYWORDS

Pilgrimage, Trade, Urban transformation, Historiography, Historic Bazaar, Sacred Cities