Abstract
This paper examines the figure of Gōčihr in both Zoroastrian and Manichaean cosmology, focusing on how it evolved into a symbol connected to eclipses and cosmic battles. Originally, Gōčihr, derived from the Avestan term Gaočiθra meaning “origin of cattle,” was not associated with dragons or eclipses. However, in later Middle Persian texts, it was transferred to an evil creature linked to celestial events, particularly eclipses. This could be due to Syriac influence, especially the Parthian word for astrological dragon. In Manichaean texts, such as the M. 98 cosmological fragment, there are references to “two dragons,” though their identities remain unclear, sparking debate about their origins. When scholars were translating the Manichaean texts, they connected the phrase “two dragons” to the lunar nodes or planetary replacements in Zoroastrian astrology. In other words, Gōčihr and Mūšparīg, another evil creature possibly symbolizing the comet. However, according to the Bundahišn and other Middle Persian texts, Gōčihr and Mūšparīg are enemies of the sun and moon, contributing to the eclipse narrative, but they are snakes rather than dragons. This paper discusses how Gōčihr’s transformation reflects its integration into Manichaean cosmology, where it comes to symbolize the cosmic battle between good and evil forces. The paper highlights the cross-cultural exchange between Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, showing how Gōčihr evolved from a celestial epithet to a powerful symbol of cosmic malevolence.
Presenters
Guosheng QuStudent, Ph.D Candidate, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana, United States
Details
Presentation Type
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session
Theme
2025 Special Focus—Fragile Meanings: Vulnerability in the Study of Religions and Spirituality
KEYWORDS
ZOROASTRIANISM, MANICHAEISM, ASTROLOGY, DRAGON, SYMBOLISM, RELIGIOUS IDENTITY, COMPARATIVE RELIGION
