Sixteenth International Conference on Sport & Society

Abstract

Whilst theoretical and empirical application of empowerment theory in research has been applied to a wide range of disciplines, the level of literature exploring empowerment outcomes through sport and exercise participation is far smaller. This study explored i) if regularly taking part in sport and exercise can support empowerment outcomes, ii) the mechanisms facilitating potential outcomes, and importantly, iii) if such outcomes demonstrate the potential to lead to additional and/or longer-term impacts (beyond sport and exercise participation). Broadly, empowerment theory has classified three categories of development: intrapersonal (that is self-image, self-efficacy, or control of one’s life); interpersonal (including level of connectiveness to community or influence on environment), and behaviour (such as participation in formal and/or informal activities) (Zimmerman, 1995, 2000). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two cohorts of women aged eighteen and over from the United Kingdom and Guatemala, who took part in sport and/or exercise at least twice a week for at least thirty minutes per session. Analysis of transcripts were thematically coded into first level and second level categories. Results emphasised participation contributed to the development of internally derived self-belief, connection and a sense of strength from the connection, and an increased sense of control over one’s life, all which importantly, positively impacted upon other aspects of their lives. Whilst further exploration would support deeper understanding of specific processes for development, this study highlights that sport and exercise could act as a vehicle to produce a number of powerful outcomes, which can have wider reaching consequences.